Freshwater bivalves and their environmental conditions in a Jurassic lacustrine system (Cañadón Asfalto Formation) from Patagonia, Argentina

Abstract

At the moment, two freshwater bivalve species were described for the continental Jurassic of Patagonia: Diplodon simplex Morton and Diplodon matildensis Morton from La Matilde Formation of the Santa Cruz province. The Cañadón Asfalto Formation located in Chubut province exhibits a high diverse invertebrate fossil fauna preserved mainly in lacustrine facies, which includes clam shrimps, bivalves, gastropods, ostracods and insects. However, few studies have been carried out on freshwater bivalve of this geological unit. In this work, a morphological description of bivalve assemblage and paleoenvironment analysis from the Cañadón Asfalto Formation was performed. Forty samples were collected from three stratigraphic levels at the Cañadón Asfalto locality. These levels are ash fall tuffs rich in glass particles accumulated in a lacustrine system with development of microbial activity. Morphological analyzes of outline and sizes were performed at each level. Our results showing the smallest-sized association of unionids recorded for the Jurassic time with size ranging from 7.6-11.7 mm long and 5.2-7.6 mm high. The environmental influence of pyroclastic falls could have played an important role in the development of the sizes of populations and shells.